Sessió: Cartografia del món grec i romà

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Bibliografía

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Barrington. 2000. Atlas of Greek and Roman World. Princeton University Press 

The Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World is a large-format English language atlas of ancient Europe, Asia, and North Africa, edited by Richard J. A. Talbert. The time period depicted is roughly from archaic Greek civilization (pre-550 BC) through Late Antiquity (640 AD). The atlas was published by Princeton University Press in 2000. The book was the winner of the 2000 Association of American Publishers Award for Best Professional/Scholarly Multivolume Reference Work in the Humanities.

The Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World is a large-format English language atlas of ancient Europe, Asia, and North Africa, edited by Richard J. A. Talbert. The time period depicted is roughly from archaic Greek civilization (pre-550 BC) through Late Antiquity (640 AD). The atlas was published by Princeton University Press in 2000. The book was the winner of the 2000 Association of American Publishers Award for Best Professional/Scholarly Multivolume Reference Work in the Humanities 

• 1Overview
• 2Period coverage
• 3Naming conventions
• 4Atlas volume contents
• 5Map-by-map directory contents
• 6iPad version
• 7Current editions
• 8References
• 9Further reading
• 10External links

The main (atlas) volume contains 102 color topographic maps, covering territory from the British Isles and the Azores and eastward to Afghanistan and western China. The size of the volume is 33 x 48 cm. A 45-page gazetteer is also included in the atlas volume. The atlas is accompanied by a map-by-map directory on CD-ROM, in PDF format, including a search index. The map-by-map directory is also available in print as a two-volume, 1,500 page edition.

According to the editor, the purpose of each map is to offer an up-to-date presentation of the important physical and covered features of the area, using all available literal, epigraphic, and archaeological data.

Most of the maps are of the scale 1:1,000,000 or 1:500,000. However, the environs of the three greater centers (Athens, Rome, Byzantium–Constantinople) are presented in 1:150,000. Some remote regions, where Greeks and Romans mostly explored and traded rather than settled (i.e. Baltic, Arabia, East Africa, India, Sri Lanka), are of the scale 1:5,000,000. Due to the nature of the base maps used for the background and time–cost restrictions, elevation lines (contours) were left in feet except for the 1:150,000 maps where they are in meters. The projection of the maps is Lambert Conformal Conic. Again due to time and cost restrictions, geo-referencing of the maps was left as a future separate project.

Effort was spent to show the physical landscape in its ancient rather than modern aspect. As expected, this task often met insurmountable difficulties, due to the lack of data. In those cases, at least an effort was made to eliminate known modern features and to restore the affected landscapes.

The atlas’ production began in 1988 at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and involved a team of 221 classicists and 22 map makers.^[1] The effort was funded by $4.5 million—”an unusually large sum for a project in the humanities”^[2]—in federal and private donations. The largest individual contributor was Robert B. Strassler’s family philanthropy The Barrington Foundation which supported the project with over $1 million and for which, in accordance with the donor’s wishes, the atlas is named. (The foundation, in turn, is named after the Strassler family’s place of residence, Great Barrington, Massachusetts.)^[3]:4[4]:23

The atlas provides an up-to-date reference for ancient geography, superseding William Smith‘s An Atlas of Ancient Geography, Biblical and Classical (London: John Murray, 1872–1874), the last successfully completed attempt to comprehensively map the Greco-Roman world and reflect the state of scholarship.^[5]

An ongoing wiki-like on-line large scale collaboration for maintaining and diversifying the Barrington Atlas data-set is carried on by the Pleiades Project.^[6]

The time period covered is roughly from 1000 BC up to c. AD 640, categorized as following:

• Archaic period (pre-550 BC]
• Classical period (550–330 BC)
• Hellenistic period / Middle to Late Republican period at Rome (330 BC–30 BC)
• Early Roman Empire (30 BC–AD 300)
• Late Antiquity (300–640)

All eras are covered in every map (i.e. there are not separate maps for different periods of the same region).

The Latin titles given to the regional categories and to the individual maps (see below) are no more than generalized identifications. E.g. Internum Mare (literally, “Internal Sea”) is the region around Mediterranean Sea.

Inside maps, ancient names are underlined with specific colors, when they are applicable only to a specific era. Where modern names are used, they are printed in different (sans-serif) font. For the physical features, standard Latin descriptive terms are usually used (e.g. Lacus for Lake, Mons for Mountain). Explanations for these terms are given in the Map Key. When there is doubt whether the name correctly applies to a feature or area, it is followed by a question mark. When only the approximate location is known, the name is italicized.

• Contributors, Reviewers, Cartographers
• Preface, Introduction, Guidelines for Reference
• MapQuest Production Data, Map Bases
• Six small-scale overview maps at 1:5,000,000:
  • Map Key, Internum Mare (Mediterranean Sea)
  • Hibernia–Scandinavia
  • Asia Occidentalis (Southwest Asia)
  • Arabia–Azania
  • India
  • Asia Orientalis (Bactria, Sogdiana, Arachosia, Indus valley)
• Then 93 maps are divided into six regional categories :
  • Part 1: Europa Septentrionalis (Northern Europe)
  • Part 2: Hispania–Libya
  • Part 3: Italia
  • Part 4: Graecia–Asia Minor
  • Part 5: Syria–Meroe
  • Part 6: Pontus Euxinus–Persicus Sinus-Bactria
• Then the provinces of the Roman Empire are presented in three 1:10,000,000 maps:
  • Provinces at the death of Trajan (117)
  • Dioceses and provinces according to the Verona List (c. 303-324)
  • Dioceses and provinces according to Synecdemus of Hierocles (late 5th – early 6th century)
• Gazetteer

 

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Recursos tic i Webgrafia :

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Google Maps

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Google Earth

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Es un programa informático que nos muestra un globo virtual donde podremos observar la cartografía, haciendo uso de la superposición de fotos satelitales y aéreas, así como información geográfica proveniente de modelos de datos del Sistema de Información Geográfica de todo el mundo y modelos creados por computadora. Existen varios tipos de licencia para operarlo, aunque la más popular es la versión gratuita, disponible para dispositivos móviles y computadoras personales.

Parte de las prestaciones que tiene este programa es que nos permite realizar un viaje virtual a cualquier lugar del mundo, explorando el relieve, edificios 3D, profundidades marinas, buscando ciudades y sitios de interés, en las versiones actuales se incluyen imágenes de la Luna y del planeta Marte facilitadas por la NASA.

Requisitos:

• Versión local, Sistema Operativo Windows a partir de Windows XP, Mac – Mac OS 10.6+, Linux – bibliotecas LSB 4.0 (base estándar para Linux), Equipo Pentium IV de 2.4GHz o AMD 2400XP o superior, 512 MB Memoria RAM, 2GB Disco Duro.
• Versión en línea, solo admite navegadores de 32bits (Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer 7 al 9), velocidad de conexión mínimo 768Kbps Para ambos casos Tarjeta gráfica compatible con 3D con 32MB de memoria de video, Resolución de pantalla de 1280×1024 en color real de 32bits.

Enlaces:

https://www.google.es/intl/es/earth/

https://support.google.com/earth/answer/176576?hl=es-419http://www.social.mendoza.gov.ar/atlas/Archivos/Manual%20de%20procedimientos%20de%20Google%20Earth.pdf

http://alerce.pntic.mec.es/clon0001/UsoGoogleEarth/UsoDidacticoGoogleEarth.pdf

 

 

MapTiler

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https://www.maptiler.com/

https://www.maptiler.com/blog/2019/06/openmaptiles-3-10-improving-water-layer.html

Open MapTiles 3.10 improving water layer

Published Jun 14, 2019

The new version of our open-source map publishing project OpenMapTiles 3.10 improves many water features, updates boundaries, brings new points of interest and adds four new languages.

Water layer improvements

The whole import-water repository was updated with newly generated data we use for displaying oceans as OpenStreetMap Data is changing its URL. Together with this, the water polygon schema was changed to ensure there are no islands clipped or missing.

Intermittent water bodies and waterways can be now distinguished from the permanent ones. This is especially helpful in areas where mobility is strongly bounded by seasonal weather changes (e.g. wadis in desert areas).

Most of the rivers in Muscat, Oman, are intermittent

Boundary updates

The Boundary layer will have from now more frequently updated data. This is by changing the data provider from Natural Earth to OpenStreetMap starting zoom level 4. This improves things like displaying regions of France.

Other improvements in OpenMapTiles 3.10

• Volcanoes added to the Mountain Peak layer
• Parking places and dormitories added as POI
• Tracks added to the Landuse layer
• Possibility to choose the surface of the ways and color of the buildings if tagged in data
• Four new languages added: Indonesian, Basque/Euskara, Occitan and Corsican (OpenMapTiles now supports 63 languages!)

New parking places POIs

New tiles with all changes are available for download on OpenMapTiles.com or ready to use on MapTiler Cloud.

 

• Classical Atlas Project

http://www.unc.edu/depts/cl_atlas

 

ANCIENT WORLD MAPPING CENTER

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http://awmc.unc.edu

This has been a very productive year for the Center in a notable variety of ways.  Two especially satisfying highlights were a conference co-organized with departments at Duke University, and the implementation of a working partnership with Rome’s Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali.

Maps were produced on commission for publication in articles and monographs across an unusually wide range this year. The six maps for Jamie Kreiner’s Legions of Pigs: Ecology and Ethics in the Early Medieval West (Yale University Press) extended the Center’s regular timeframe to 1000 C.E., and its spatial frame to Scandinavia and Iceland.  The frame was also tested by the map of pre-modern south India produced for Leah Comeau’s Material Devotion in a South Indian Poetic World.  Challenging in other respects were six maps for two volumes on ancient warfare and sieges edited by Jeremy Armstrong, one map and two city plans for John Friend’s The Athenian Ephebeia in the Fourth Century B.C.. and two maps for a biography of Theodosius I by Mark Hebblewhite.

Special effort was made to complete three static maps in the Maps for Texts series, all released online between June and December 2018. The most taxing of these, and the largest (85 x 50 ins), is The Black Sea Described by Arrian around 130 C.E., produced at 1:750,000 scale to match the Center’s Wall Map Asia Minor in the Second Century C.E., together with a directory of places marked.  Because of the focused geographic coverage, a far more generous scale (1:100,000) was feasible for the map Dionysius of Byzantium, Anaplous of the Bosporus.  By its very nature, the map tracing Theophanes’ Journeys between Hermopolis and Antioch in the early fourth century C.E. (detailed in Rylands Papyri) is more schematic.  As the next addition to the series, the Center is considering a map that plots the spread of Catholic and Donatist bishoprics across North Africa as documented by the record of the Carthage ‘conference’ in 411 C.E.  Gabriel Moss and Ryan Horne have continued their work on an interactive map to accompany the forthcoming translation of Pliny the Elder’s Natural History Books 2 to 6 by Brian Turner and Richard Talbert.

Work for a revision of the latter’s Atlas of Classical History increased in volume and variety.  Kimberly Oliver and Peter Streilein both drafted maps of regions of the Roman Empire, while Hania Zanib developed city- and battle-plans.  With Lindsay Holman’s mentorship all three students gained impressive mastery of cartographic skills.  Their results demonstrate how rewardingly the pre-digital maps of the Atlas can now be enhanced.

Richard Talbert’s book Challenges of Mapping the Classical World was published by Routledge.  Preparatory work for his study of the mapping of Asia Minor during the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries continued.  Leah Hinshaw completed the formidable task of identifying and annotating the changes of many kinds introduced for each edition (up to four) of all twenty-four sheets of Richard Kiepert’s Karte von Kleinasien.  Peter Raleigh made good progress in matching those sheets with the bewildering mass of derivative maps produced by the British, Greek, Italian and Ottoman military authorities.

When the work accomplished for the United States Committee for the Blue Shield reached a suitable stopping-point in the fall, the decision was taken to halt there because this heavy commitment could no longer be sustained satisfactorily along with other initiatives.  The Center maintained its ongoing collaboration with the Pleiades Project at New York University (pleiades.stoa.org); both Lindsay Holman and Gabriel Moss continue to serve on the project’s editorial board.

Stock of the Center’s seven Wall Maps for the Ancient World is exhausted, and the publisher Routledge reluctantly decided against reprinting because the cost for such large sheets has become prohibitive.  With the rights consequently reverting to the Center, it has made all seven available online, after minor revision to one, The World of the New Testament and the Journeys of Paul.

The weekend conference Digital Cartography: New Maps, Ancient History – co-organized with Duke’s Departments of Classical Studies and of Art, Art History and Visual Studies – fulfilled the hope of attracting graduate students and junior faculty at multiple institutions (US, Canada, Czech Republic) to discuss the integration of GIS technology and cartography into their research and their teaching.  Lively, thought-provoking interchange developed about the ethical and practical implications of using this technology in the field.

The academic and technological contexts from which the Center sprang originally, and within which it functions today, featured prominently in the wide-ranging panel “Mapping the Classical World Since 1869: Past and Future Directions,” which Richard Talbert was invited to organize for the Society for Classical Studies 2019 sesquicentennial meeting in San Diego, CA.  He, together with Lindsay Holman and former Director Tom Elliott, were among the speakers; the texts of all the panel papers may be read on the Center’s website.  For the Archaeological Institute of America at this jointly held meeting Lindsay Holman and Richard Talbert also contributed “Maps for Texts: An Expanding Ancient World Mapping Center Resource” at the poster session.

At UNC the tour of the Center and overview of its initiatives which Lindsay Holman was asked to offer participants in Raleigh 400: A Conference on Sir Walter Raleigh Four Hundred Years After His Death (September 2018) gained an enthusiastic reception.  In April 2019, for a Digital Humanities Round Table at Radboud University (Nijmegen, Netherlands), she delivered an invited paper exploring the applications and limitations of using digital cartography for the study of the ancient world with particular reference to the Center’s Maps for Texts.

Under the terms of the partnership agreement made with the Sovrintendenza Capitolina ai Beni Culturali, Roma Capitale, the Center commissioned a Queen’s University (Ontario, Canada) team headed by Prof. George Bevan to create the first-ever ultra high-resolution photogrammetric image of the wall in Rome on which the Great Marble Map (Forma Urbis) was mounted in the Severan period.  Despite the intervention of successive obstacles great and small (by no means all forseeable), this remarkable fundamental step towards transforming productive study of the Map was successfully accomplished.  The collaboration of Prof. Elizabeth Wolfram Thill (Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis) for the purpose was invaluable (see further her paper for the “Mapping the Classical World Since 1869” panel mentioned above).  Thereafter the quality of the wall-image soon demonstrated how essential it is also to create 3-D images of corresponding quality for each of the approximately 1,200 surviving Map fragments.  As a further dimension of their partnership, the Center anticipates securing the Sovrintendenza’s authorization to commission this major advance, which should again involve Elizabeth Wolfram Thill as well as expert IUPUI colleagues.

This year the Center’s workforce of two graduate students (Gabriel Moss, Peter Raleigh) and four undergraduates (Leah Hinshaw, Kimberly Oliver, Peter Streilein, Hania Zanib) performed so ably that the three departures on graduation now imminent cause severe and much regretted loss – Peter Raleigh (PhD), Leah Hinshaw and Kimberly Oliver (both BA).  Fortunately, Lindsay Holman will continue as Director for 2019-2020.

Lindsay Holman

Richard Talbert

 

PLEIADES

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https://pleiades.stoa.org/

 

Pleiades is a community-built gazetteer and graph of ancient places. It publishes authoritative information about ancient places and spaces, providing unique services for finding, displaying, and reusing that information under open license. It publishes not just for individual human users, but also for search engines and for the widening array of computational research and visualization tools that support humanities teaching and research.

Pleiades is a continuously published scholarly reference work for the 21st century. We embrace the new paradigm of citizen humanities, encouraging contributions from any knowledgeable person and doing so in a context of pervasive peer review. Pleiades welcomes your contribution, no matter how small, and we have a number of useful tasks suitable for volunteers of every interest.

Pleiades gives scholars, students, and enthusiasts worldwide the ability to use, create, and share historical geographic information about the ancient world in digital form. At present, Pleiades has extensive coverage for the Greek and Roman world, and is expanding into Ancient Near Eastern, Byzantine, Celtic, and Early Medieval geography.

The most recently modified resources are shown in the map at left.

All published content is accessible to everyone under open license. To join and contribute new or improved content, please see Welcome to Pleiades.

https://www.peripleo.pelagios.org/

What is Peripleo?

Peripleo is a search engine to data maintained by partners of Pelagios Commons, a Digital Humanities initiative aiming to foster better linkages between online resources documenting the past.

The data you can find in Peripleo is quite diverse. Right now, most of our partners publish information about ancient places and physical objects, such as archaeological finds. But Pelagios Commons is growing, and we are beginning to include data about people, time periods, and even geo-tagged literature, or data transcribed from historic maps. The full list of datasets currently indexed is here.

User Interface Overview

The image below shows Peripleo’s main user interface components. Use the search box 1to type your query. The search box includes a row of indicators 2 for currently active filters. You can apply filters through the filter panel 3. Select an item from the result list 4 to see detail information 5 and, if available, a preview image 6. The buttons in the upper right corner of the screen are the map controls 7.

Note: some items include zoomable high-resolution preview images. If there is a IIIF logo in the corner, you can zoom into the image using your mousewheel or, on touch devices, a pinch gesture. Use the button in the lower left corner to switch to a full screen view.

Using Search

Use the search box in the upper left corner to search by keyword. Peripleo will provide suggestions for search terms and specific records matching your query. Run the query by hitting enter or selecting a query suggestion; or pick one of the suggested results directly, by selecting it from the list. Use the X icon to clear your current search.

Search syntax

Peripleo supports prefix as well as fuzzy search: append * to find everything that starts with the given search term; or append ~ to include approximate matches (i.e. those that differ by a few characters). Use AND or OR uppercase keywords to construct boolean queries, or quote your search with “ to force exact phrase matches.

Colour coding

Throughout the interface, search results are coded based on their item type, using colour and symbol:

•  Places
•  Objects
•  Time periods
•  People
•  Datasets

Controlling the Map

Move the map by dragging and releasing it. Zoom using your mousewheel or the + –buttons in the upper right corner. On touch devices you can also use a “pinch” gesture. You can switch between different base layers using the  button.

The Filter Panel

After running a search, you can narrow down your results by using filters. Click the downward arrow at the bottom of the search box. This will unfold the filter panel. The most prominent part of the filter panel is the time histogram. It shows how your search results are distributed over time.

To filter by time

Grab and drag the handles on the time histogram. A clock icon  in the search box indicates that you have now set a time filter. (Otherwise, it’s easy to forget once you have closed the filter panel again!)

Note: unfortunately, not all records in Peripleo are dated. Only those that are will surface in the time histogram. Setting a time filter will exclude all undated records.

To filter by data source

Click the sources facet. Pick one of the data sources from the list in order to restrict your search to this dataset only.

Note: we will be introducing additional facet filters over time, which will work exactly the same way. For the time being, however, the data source facet is the only one that is functional.

To filter by item type

The coloured bar above the time histogram illustrates how your results are distributed across different item types. Often, the bar will have a single colour. That means that all of your results are of the same type. E.g. a search for tetradrachm will likely return only object records while a search for fortress returns places .

Other searches will lead to a mix of places, people, objects, etc. Click the bar. The panel shifts to reveal detail numbers for how many of your search results fall into which item type category. Click one of them. This narrows down your search to the results of only this type. Again, an indicator in the search box reminds you of the active item type filter.

To filter by map viewport

Click the filter icon located at the top right corner of the screen, right above the map zoom buttons. This will toggle the viewport filter. If active, your search is restricted to only those results that intersect the map area you are currently viewing.

Datasets at a Glance

Instead of starting your journey through Peripleo from a place or object, you can also start from a specific dataset. Let’s try the University of Graz Collections for example.

Datasets appear in search results just like any other type of item. However, behavior is slightly different when you select one. Selecting a dataset (either from the result list, or from the list of autocomplete options) will automatically switch to a filtered search. That means Peripleo will:

• list all results contained within this dataset
• show their geographical footprint on the map
• display their temporal profile in the time histogram

As usual, the search box shows an indicator to remind you of the active dataset filter. You can use all other available filter types to narrow down your search further, or enter a new query to find specific data inside this dataset.

Navigating Connected Information

Once you become more familiar with Peripleo, you will notice that it works slightly different than other map-based search interfaces you may have used before. The key difference is that data in Peripleo is networked. That means items are internally connected through links.

One major consequence is how the map works: one dot on the map is not always the same as one search result. Instead, one dot may represent many results connected to the same place. (The dot size will give you a hint.) Vice versa, one result can appear as many dots. E.g. think of an archaeological artefact, which might be linked to a findspot as well as a place of production. Or a work of literature, which might contain references to hundreds of places!

Whenever there are links to follow, Peripleo tells you at the bottom of the detail information window. For example, select a place, and you can see how many items are connected to it. Click the link to enter a filtered search that shows just these items. As usual, you can narrow down the search further with other filter options.

In a similar way, selecting an object will tell you what the top places are that the object is linked to, along with information about how much else data is available there, given your current search query and filter setting.

Note: when following along these network paths, remember that you can use your browser back button to return to previous stops along your journey.

Congratulations!

You have successfully made your way through the introductory tutorial, and know how to use the most important features. Do also check out our advanced tutorials on Peripleo’s extended features:

• Understanding the Linked Data View
• Using Entity-Aware Search to explore geo-tagged literature